The Tower of Santa Maria is the most famous of the towers of the ancient walls of Pisa, due to the fact it closes the northwest side of the fortifications at the famous Piazza del Duomo.
Its construction dates back to 1155-1161, with large segments of panchina stone from Livorno and a design slightly sloping upwards.
Over the top of the walls till a point marked by a step, sedimentary breccia from Asciano was used instead. The top, including the crenellations, dates back to the nineteenth century interventions.
Loopholes and splayed openings are part of the original structure, while the highest windows are part of the makeover.
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