Nestled in the heart of the Murgia plateau, Altamura boasts a rich history that dates back to the dawn of humanity. Archaeological discoveries, including the remains of "Ciccillo", a 150,000-year-old inhabitant, attest to the town's ancient roots. Later, the town was reborn under the visionary leadership of Emperor Frederick II of Swabia, who repopulated the area by enticing nearby villagers to settle within the massive ancient walls. This era of renewal saw the construction of the majestic Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, crowned with its distinctive twin bell towers. This fertile ground has nurtured a plethora of brilliant minds, and in 1748, Altamura became home to one of southern Italy's oldest universities. The town's revolutionary spirit ignited in 1799, when it proclaimed its independence by erecting the Tree of Liberty in the central square, mirroring the ideals of the French Revolution. However, this bold stance was met with brutal suppression by the Bourbon troops of Cardinal Ruffo. Undeterred, Altamura earned the nickname "Lioness of Apulia" for its courageous defiance against the Bourbon monarchy. Today, visitors can embark on a fascinating journey through the city's storied past, from the Palaeolithic era to the classical age. The Altamura Diocesan Museum, nestled within the majestic Federician Cathedral, offers a treasure trove of historical and cultural insights. Wander through the medieval village's charming alleys and cloisters, where the enticing aroma of Altamura's world-famous bread wafts through the air.